The "iron law of oligarchy" is a principle
A. of organizational life according to which each individual in a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence.
B. of organizational life according to which even democratic organizations will become bureaucracies ruled by a few individuals.
C. under which organizations are created to maximize efficiency and effectiveness.
D. under which organizations are established on the basis of common interests.
Answer: B
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____ refers to systems of inequality in which some fixed group membership or social category, such as race, religion, or national origin, is a major criterion for ranking members' social positions and their differing access to rewards
a. Racial and ethnic stratification b. Divisions of labor c. Structural stratification d. Social differentiation
What is the largest specialty area within sociology?
A. sports B. medical C. class D. racial
Explain one reason why Republican African Americans are so important to the success of the party with centrist white voters.
What will be an ideal response?
One of the benefits of formative evaluation in improving program effectiveness may be an increased ability to understand what about quality programs?
a. Whether they are successful in helping participants b. The scholarly rigor involved c. Why certain programs are successful d. The qualifications of the provider