A nurse assesses a client who has had two episodes of bacterial cystitis in the last 6 months. Which questions should the nurse ask? (Select all that apply.)
a. "How much water do you drink every day?"
b. "Do you take estrogen replacement therapy?"
c. "Does anyone in your family have a history of cystitis?"
d. "Are you on steroids or other immune-suppressing drugs?"
e. "Do you drink grapefruit juice or orange juice daily?"
ANS: A, B, D
Fluid intake, estrogen levels, and immune suppression all can increase the chance of recurrent cystitis. Family history is usually insignificant, and cranberry juice, not grapefruit or orange juice, has been found to increase the acidic pH and reduce the risk for bacterial cystitis.
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