A client asks what causes trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Which explanation by the nurse is most appropriate?
a. "A mutation occurs on the 21st chromosome, usually as a result of X-rays received during early pregnancy."
b. "Down syndrome is caused by an inherited gene located on the 21st chromosome."
c. "During a stage of division when either the egg or the sperm is made, the 21st chromo-some may not split properly."
d. "Possibly as a result of a virus interfering with chromosome division, the egg is formed with only 21 chromosomes."
B
Trisomy 21(Down syndrome) is caused by an inherited gene located on the 21st chromosome. It is the result of non-disjunction of maternal chromosome number 21 during meiosis. It is the most common genetic cause of severe learning disabilities in children and a major cause of mental retardation. X-ray exposure and viral interference are not associated with chromosomal defects.
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Which of the following interventions would promote airway clearance in a client?
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A patient has experienced a stroke (cerebral vascular accident) that has resulted in dam-age to the Broca area. Which evaluation does the nurse conduct to reinforce this diagno-sis?
a. Observing the patient pick up a spoon b. Asking the patient to recite the alphabet c. Monitoring the patient's blood pressure d. Comparing the patient's grip strength in both hands