Taggart and Wilson (1998) identify three levels of reflective thinking. List them and describe what happens at each level.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Answers to this question will vary but should include elements of the following: The technical level occurs as educators simply describe events and activities without much thought about reasons or rationale. The contextual level is a deeper type of reflection during which the educator tries to explain the use of particular approaches, why certain decisions were made, or how contextual aspects influenced outcomes. The dialectical level is where an educator reflects on moral and ethical issues that are involved in his or her own teaching and considers the implications of decisions made.
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The College, Career, and Civic Life Framework for Social Studies State Standards; Guidance for Enhancing the Rigor of K-12 Civics, Economics, Geography, and History (NCSS, 2013) is organized around an “Inquiry Arc”—an approach to learning that features four dimensions in social studies:
a. Developing Questions and Planning Investigations; Applying Disciplinary Concepts and Tools; Gathering, Evaluating, and Using Evidence & Communicating Conclusions and Taking Informed Action b. Developing Questions and Planning Investigations; Applying Disciplinary Concepts and Tools; Gathering, Evaluating Evidence & Communicating Conclusions and Taking Informed Action. c. Planning Investigations; Disciplinary Concepts and Tools; Using Evidence & Taking Informed Action. d. Developing Questions and Planning Investigations; Applying Disciplinary Concepts and Tools; Gathering & Evaluating, and Using Evidence.
Instructional innovations
One section of this chapter discusses possible instructional innovations. Identify some possibilities and the functions they might serve. What will be an ideal response?
Before 2004, the burden of proof in determining that a student's behavior was a manifestation of a disability fell on the school; in 2004, the responsibility for a child with emotional and behavioral disorders was reassigned from the school to the:
a. clinicians of the affected child b. parents of the affected child. c. administrators within the schools d. none of the above e. all of the above
The median is the middlemost score. Half of the scores fall above the
median and half of the scores fall below the median. Indicate whether the statement is true or false