The three types of sampling are systematic, stratified, and random sampling. A systematic sample, such as every tenth person, would be used to provide even coverage of an overall group. Stratified sampling can be used to obtain a representative sample from separate categories within the overall group. Random sampling will provide a list of any 50 customers. Consider the following example: A business might have three categories of customers. If it needs a sample from each customer category, it can use stratified sampling of ten customers from each category. For an evenly distributed sample from the total customer group, systematic sampling gives a representing sample. If no significant differences exist among the customer categories, random sampling might be acceptable.
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The Hawthorne Effect refers to the idea that people perform differently when they realize they are being observed. When a systems analyst tries to observe procedures as they actually occur, the Hawthorne Effect suggests that the presence of the analyst will influence the performance, and what the analyst sees is not necessarily what occurs in actual practice. It might be helpful to meet with workers and their supervisors before conducting an observation to explain the process and make them more comfortable.
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