Using public-key encryption, the sender and recipient of a message do not need to agree on a shared secret key before initiating secure communications. How is this possible? That is, how can the sender, using publicly available information, encode a message that can be decoded only by the intended recipient?
What will be an ideal response?
The idea behind public-key encryption is to assign each party a pair of associated keys, one of which is public and the other private. A message encoded with a public key requires the corresponding private key for decoding, and vice versa. Thus, if you know a party’s public key, you can encode a message that only they can decode with their private key, and without having to know their private key yourself.
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What will be an ideal response?
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