Explain the functions of automotive finish components (binders, pigments, solvents, and additives).

Question

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Answer 1

Binders are also sometimes called resins. Though they have been formulated from different chemicals over the year, their purpose has not changed. The binder is one of the portions of the paint mixture that does not evaporate, and is therefore considered part of the solids. In finishes, as the name implies, the binder helps bind the pigments to the substrate.
Pigments are also part of the solids in finishes. These additives provide the color, hide what is under the finish, and help provide a small part of the finish's durability. Before they are added to finishes, pigments can be either powder-like substances or larger flakelike materials (metallic). When in the finish, each of these pigment types will reflect the desired color or effect.
A solvent is the material added to the binder and pigments that acts as the agent that dissolves the solids and allows them to be applied to the surface. Solvents are designed to evaporate, and are therefore considered a volatile organic compound. These agents that liquefy the solid pigments and binders are also sometimes referred to as the “vehicle,” or the part of the paint which helps transport its solids. Finishes need these agents in the paint. Even though finishes may be sprayed, brushed, or rolled, they must be liquefied to help transfer them from the paint can to the object being painted.
Additives are special chemicals added to the paint mixture (containing pigment, binders, and solvent) either when the finish is manufactured or when the technician reduces the mixture to prepare it for application. Some additives aid the finish with leveling, binding,
adhesion, and metallic or mica orientation. Others may provide special qualities that the paint would not have otherwise, qualities such as:
? Flexibility
? The ability to adhere to plastic
? Faster or slower curing time
? Lower freezing point
? Reduced amount of bubbles when the finish is shaken
? Reduced foaming as paint is sprayed
? Increased durability
? The amount of flatness or gloss
? Resistance to rankling, blistering, and improved chemical resistance
? Ultraviolet protection
One of the most striking changes in paint technology has come from additives. Paint can now be protected from the sun's ultraviolet rays. Clearcoats used now cure at a high rate of speed, and the life of the finish has increased from 1 year (which was typical when
lacquer was used) to 5 to 10 years of durability now.