What is the most effective behavioral approach in treating anxiety disorders? Describe this type of therapy
What will be an ideal response?
The behavioral approach that is most effective in treating anxiety disorders is exposure therapy, a form of therapy in which the person in treatment systematically confronts the feared event or stimulus in a safe and controlled environment. Exposure may be through one's imagination (imaginal exposure such as systematic desensitization), reality (in vivo), or virtual reality. In addition to working with the therapist during sessions, individuals receiving exposure therapy will usually engage in homework between sessions (e.g., confronting fearful situations) without the therapist being present to generalize the positive effects outside of the therapeutic setting. The reduction of anxiety or fear symptoms is believed to occur through a classically conditioned process of extinction and habituation. The fear or anxiety response that is linked to the stimulus gradually diminishes over 8 to 12 sessions (a standard length of treatment).
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In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men who participated inthe Kavadi, a painful religious ritual requiring piercing the skin with needles, dragging a cart attached by hooks to the skin, and climbing a mountain barefoot, ____
a. reduced identification with the larger social group b. increased prosocial behavior c. increased bias against the outgroup d. decreased donations to the temple
The behavioristic explanation of transposition offered by Spence emphasized:
a. the transferring of principles learned in one situation to other similar situations b. productive thinking c. the generalization of behavioral tendencies d. cognitive trial and error and insightful learning
Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they __________
A) prefer to repeat items over and over to remember B) are not able to remember familiar, repeated events C) prefer to intentionally group items that are alike to remember D) are not skilled at using memory strategies
Abuse during childhood can lead to
A) reductions in the size of the hippocampus. B) reductions in the size of the amygdala. C) overexcitation of the limbic system. D) all of the above.