The occupational health nurse for a multinational corporation compares aggregate data on the occurrence of lung cancer in workers in a factory in Brazil with workers in a factory in Hong Kong
Which type of epidemiologic study is this nurse most likely conducting?
A) Prospective, cohort
B) Case-control
C) Ecological
D) Cohort case-control
Ans: C
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Ecological studies are types of epidemiologic studies that compare the rates of exposures and diseases in different populations, such as in the two groups of factory workers in different countries. Prospective, cohort epidemiologic studies investigate workers who have been exposed to a variety of chemical, biological, or physical agents. The purpose of these follow-up studies is to determine whether the risk of adverse health outcomes after the event is increased. Epidemiologic studies may involve the evaluation of workers who have already experienced a common adverse health outcome. In this case, the outcome has already occurred, so the purpose of these case-control studies is to investigate, retrospectively, what agent or set of agents may explain their condition. There is no cohort case-control study.
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