Valerie has set up a research study in which subjects are awarded tokens for gifts - or have tokens taken away - based on the behavior they exhibit in each application of a stimulus. Watson would say the subjects' behavior will be guided by ________, whereas Bandura would say their behavior is guided by ________.
a. reinforcements; consequences
b. tokens; perceptions
c. consequences; tokens
d. perceptions; reinforcements
b. tokens; perceptions
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In learning theory, vicarious reinforcement refers to when a behavioral response becomes ____________________ after an individual observes a model being rewarded for the same behavior
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Gary, age four, understands that "gorilla" is the name of the whole animal he saw at the zoo, not the name merely of its parts This illustrates a(n)
a. taxonomic constraint. b. lexical contrast constraint. c. object scope constraint. d. mutual exclusivity constraint.
When playing tic-tac-toe, young children sometimes miss the need to place a mark (i.e., X or O) to block their opponent from winning. Instead, they choose to place an offensive mark that gets them closer to having three marks in a row
This approach to problem solving in which problem solvers take actions that get them closer to the desired goal is known as ___. a. means-end analysis b. task analysis c. restructuring d. deductive reasoning
________ are the most alert states of human consciousness, during which individuals actively focus their efforts toward a goal.
A. Automatic processes B. Altered processes C. Controlled processes D. Subconscious processes