Major trauma patients are at a high risk of developing deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism because of (Select all that apply.)
a. blood stasis.
b. hypernatremia.
c. injury to the intimal surface of the vessel.
d. hyperosmolarity.
e. hypercoagulopathy.
f. immobility.
A, C, E, F
The factors that form the basis of venous thromboembolism pathophysiology are blood stasis, injury to the intimal surface of the vessel, and hypercoagulopathy. Trauma patients are at risk for VTE because of endothelial injury, coagulopathy, and immobility. Hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity are associated with acute kidney injury.
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