Which of the following is true of the findings of studies on explanatory styles?
a. Contrary to pessimists, optimists pay attention to positive stimuli only.
b. People under age 35 tend to have a more optimistic explanatory style than those who are over 65.
c. Stressful life experiences can decrease the level of optimism in an individual.
d. Younger optimists also tended to underreport their weight, whereas elderly optimists claimed the opposite.
ANS: C
FEEDBACK: Stressful life experiences can affect one's level of optimism. A group of adults who were primary caregivers for relatives with Alzheimer's disease were compared on measures of optimism-pessimism with a group of adults who were not acting as caregivers. The caregivers grew increasingly pessimistic over a four-year period and experienced greater anxiety, stress, and physical health complaints (Robinson-Whelen, Kim, MacCallum, & Kiecolt-Glaser, 1997).
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