What is the correct order of the steps in the progression of lung cancer in a smoker?1. Cilia are lost2. There is a thickening and callusing of the cells lining the bronchi3. Metastasis occurs4. A tumor forms5. Cells with atypical nuclei appear
A. 5, 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 2, 1, 4, 5, 3
C. 1, 2, 4, 3, 5
D. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
E. 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
Answer: E
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Which of the following will disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium the least?
a. directional selection b. stabilizing selection c. migration d. reduction to a small population size e. non-random mating
African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei, a unicellular flagellated protist that infects red blood cells after being injected into the bloodstream. Trypanosoma brucei is which of the following?
A. a diatom B. an alga C. a protozoan D. a slime mold E. an apicomplexan
Disturbances in sensory neurons will result in an action potential if the
a. stimulus is graded. b. stimulus remains local. c. graded stimulus reaches a trigger zone. d. localized stimuli do not spread far. e. stimuli become downgraded to localized ones.
Biomagnification is a significant problem in aquatic communities. Levels of chemicals magnify (increase or accumulate) at each new link in a food chain. Use the following information to estimate the level of chemical X in a large-mouth bass. One alga can accumulate 1 unit of chemical X. Each copepod eats 15 algae. A minnow consumes 10 copepods, each large-mouth bass consumes 20 minnows.
A. 3,000 units B. 150 units C. 30 units D. 20,000 units E. 300 units F. 15 units G. 20 units