Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?
a. Observational learning is entirely separate from both classical and operant conditioning.
b. Observational learning is a form of classical conditioning.
c. Observational learning is a form of operant conditioning.
d. Both classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learning.
D
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Many textbooks (though not this one) advocate testing the mean of a sample against a hypothesized population mean by using z even if the population standard deviation is not known, so long as the sample size exceeds 30. Those books recommend this because
a. they don't know any better. b. there are not tables for t for more than 30 degrees of freedom. c. the difference between t and z is small for that many cases. d. t and z are exactly the same for that many cases.
The statement, "Nothing in life can be known for certain" is most likely to be uttered by someone at the ____ stage of reflective judgment
a. initial b. second c. halfway d. last
Which quote best illustrates what Seligman means by learned helplessness?
a. "Nothing I do will ever improve my situation." b. "Everyone can perform well except for me." c. "I can't remember anything good ever happening to me." d. "Many of the stresses in my life I brought on myself."
When a zygote has an abnormal number of chromosomes, it usually does not begin to develop
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.