Define each of the following mental shortcuts and explain why each may be inaccurate: (1) the availability heuristic; (2) the representativeness heuristic
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut whereby people base their judgments on the ease with which they can bring something to mind; unfortunately, what comes most readily to mind may not be typical, due to limited experience or biased memory processes. The representativeness heuristic is a mental shortcut whereby people classify something based on how well it represents the typical case; unfortunately, people often underutilize base rate information in favor of deciding how typical an individual case is of the overall category.
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In the world, the prevalence of personality disorders is estimated to be approximately________ percent
a. 0.5 b. 2 c. 6 d. 11
When studying adjustment in psychology we cover all of the following EXCEPT
a. a specific, narrow range of topics. c. coping strategies to deal with stress. b. the effects of personality. d. an interpersonal context.
Certain hormones predispose lower animals to either masculine or feminine mating patterns. This is referred to as
a. the activating effect. c. the organizing effect. b. the coracoid effect. d. the sexualizing effect.
Which psychic structure is motivating behavior when you are on a diet but eat a piece of chocolate cake anyway?
a. id c. superego b. ego d. none of these