What observation does the Red Queen Hypothesis seek to provide an explanation for?
A. Rate of extinction of taxa is fairly constant over time.
B. Rates of extinction vary substantially between different groups of organisms.
C. Lineages become more resistant to extinction the longer they have been present.
D. Rates of extinction vary substantially between different groups of organisms, and lineages become more resistant to extinction the longer they have been present.
E. Immediately after speciation, risk of extinction is very high, but it eventually levels out.
Answer: A. Rate of extinction of taxa is fairly constant over time.
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Bioremediation is:
A. the use of microorganisms to treat open wounds B. the use of microorganisms to break down harmful substances such as sewage, pesticides, petrochemicals, and explosives C. the use of bacteria to attack cancer cells D. the use of microorganisms to attack pathogenic bacteria E. none of the other options presented
The flow of hydrogen ions out of the thylakoid compartment:
a. provides energy to produce ATP molecules b. recharges the photosystems c. converts ATP into ADP d. causes excitation of chlorophyll molecules e. generates oxygen molecules
Removing the top of a plant to create fuller growth involves which of the following hormones?
A. cytokinins B. ethylene C. auxins D. gibberellins
Glycolysis:
A. occurs in the mitochondria B. occurs only in anaerobic organisms C. produces a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH D. produces ATP via a proton gradient E. completely combusts glucose to CO2 and water