As one possible explanation for child abuse, the principle of bidirectionality states that:
A. children's emotions swing rather rapidly between extremes
B. mothers interact with their children in both play and caretaking
C. children's behaviors influence adults' behaviors and vice versa
D. the same caretaker treatment can produce entirely different behavior in different infants
Answer: C
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In the context of the needs-hierarchy theory, identify an accurate statement about the conditions to achieve self-actualization
a. We must have a realistic knowledge of our strengths and weaknesses. b. We must be free of constraints imposed by society and by ourselves. c. We must be secure in our self-image and in our relationships with other people. d. All of these are correct.
Contrast punishment and negative reinforcement. How do the effects of punishment and negative reinforcement compare with those of positive reinforcement in shaping behavior?
What will be an ideal response?
The case of Dave Pelzer illustrates that despite a disturbing childhood, one can become a successful and competent adult. His case illustrates the concept of:
A. resiliency B. androgyny C. aggression D. conservation
The ethical guideline requiring that information about a research study be disclosed to potential research participants before they participate is referred to as
a. prior approval. b. prior consent. c. informed consent. d. ethical approval. e. informational disclosure.