Actions taken by officials which violate the law and/or the formal rules of the organization, but which are clearly oriented toward the needs and goals of the organization, as perceived by the official, and thus fulfill certain informal rules of the organization is known as ______.
A. noble cause
B. official deviance
C. personal gain
D. none of these
B. official deviance
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The United States Supreme Court has ruled that the determining factor in defining racketeering is a pattern of illegal activity to achieve any goal
a. True b. False
Which of the following is not an attribute of white collar crimes?
a. Offenders typically occupy a position involving some element of trust. b. Offenders engage in direct forms of violence. c. Offenders have been a relatively low priority of the justice system. d. Offenders typically have a respectable status in society.
Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime is also called self-control theory
a. True b. False
An excuse defense is one in which
A. an actor is not able to offer a valid excuse for his or her behavior but is still not morally or legally culpable. B. the focus is on an act and not on the actor. C. an actor's conduct is criminal but the actor is not held morally or legally culpable. D. an act is such that the actor's role in the conduct is rendered lawful.