Collections of similar cells that perform a special function are called
A. organs.
B. systems.
C. tissues.
D. organisms.
C. tissues.
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Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between the relative size of a species' genome and its proteome?
A. genome = proteome B. genome > proteome C. genome < proteome D. genome = proteome in eukaryotes; genome > proteome in prokaryotes E. genome > proteome in eukaryotes; genome = proteome in prokaryotes
How did Zhang and Cech purify the RNA molecules that were able to catalyze the linkage between two amino acids?
a. passing the reaction mixture through a column that binds biotin b. passing the reaction mixture through a column that binds all proteins c. passing the reaction mixture through a column that binds RNA d. centrifuging the reaction mixture to concentrate the proteins e. centrifuging the reaction mixture to concentrate the RNA molecules
How can a mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene behave as a recessive allele at the cellular level, but appear as a dominant allele in pedigree analysis?
A) Some functional protein can still be produced in a cell heterozygous for a loss-of-function allele; however, an additional mutation can inactivate the second allele, eliminating all functional protein allowing cancer to occur in many family members. B) A single functional allele is sufficient to regulate the cell cycle, but not sufficient to promote apoptosis, allowing cancer to develop in every generation. C) A cell with half the amount of the functional tumor-suppressor protein can form benign tumors that will occur in every generation in the pedigree. D) Some functional protein can still be produced in a cell heterozygous for a loss-of-function allele; but loss-of-function tumor-suppressor alleles are so common in the population that many individuals are homozygous.
Chemical defenses are found in all of the following except
A. Batesian mimics. B. snakes, spiders, and fishes. C. marine animals. D. plants. E. insects.