In ___________, the Supreme Court considered that the student had been informed of the faculty's dissatisfaction with her clinical performance, and the student knew that unless she made significant improvement in this area, she would be dismissed from the program. The Court held that the decision to dismiss the student from medical school was based on a careful and deliberate evaluation by the faculty, and thus the student's dismissal was not a violation of her constitutional rights.

A. Board of Curators of the University of Missouri v. Horowitz
B. Shuffer v. Trustees of California State Universities and Colleges
C. Jablonski v. the United States
D. Hedlund v. Superior Court


Answer: A

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The extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized from the sample that participated in it to l larger group of individuals, or population is known as:

a. sample reliability b. population validity c. population reliability d. population reliability and validity

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As per the Stages of Change Model, client ambivalence regarding the need for change is reflected in which stage?

a. Contemplative b. Pre-contemplative c. Action d. Preparation

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Which of the following might be an explanation for the lack of effectiveness in counseling treatment?

a. Some professional counselors lack appropriate skill levels. b. The process of counseling is difficult because it brings up uncomfortable emotions and awareness. c. Issues outside of counseling may negatively affect counseling outcomes. d. All of the above.

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What is meant by the Freudian term, reaction formation?

a. Transforming id drives into acceptable social behavior, such as work, humor, and creative arts. b. Removing pain by excluding it from awareness. c. Avoiding a threatening situation by returning to an earlier developmental stage. d. Creating a logical reason to explain a painful experience and thus remove it from the sphere of feelings. e. Acting and speaking in opposition to impulses that you wish you didn’t have.

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