A client with chronic kidney disease has elevated C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factors. Which action should the nurse take for this client?
a. Refer to rheumatology
b. Suggest vitamin supplements
c. Instruct to follow a low-protein diet
d. Assess for signs of wasting syndrome
d. Assess for signs of wasting syndrome
Elevated levels of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor are markers for an inflammatory state common among clients with chronic kidney disease and contribute to anorexia and wasting syndrome. Protein stores are depleted in clients on dialysis due to the loss of amino acids into the dialysis fluid, and can result in compromised nutritional health. The benefit of vitamin supplementation for clients with chronic kidney disease is not well established, but may be beneficial in replacing water-soluble vitamins lost during dialysis. Markers for inflammation are also present in clients with arthritis, but since this client is already diagnosed with chronic kidney disease it is most likely that is the cause.
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The nurse holds community forums to gain input in determining the health needs for the community. Issues raised the forum focus on the need for nutrition education, but the nurse notices that many community members are outside smoking before entering the building. The nurse acknowledges the importance of nutrition education, but addresses the incorporation of smoking cessation education as part of a total lifestyle choice program. Which type of nursing is the nurse implementing?
a. Public health nursing. b. Community-driven nursing. c. Population-focused nursing. d. Community-focused nursing.
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a 4-year-old child scheduled for a renal biopsy. Based on the developmental level of the child the nurse considers which of the following?
1. Masturbation is common in this age group. 2. Body image may be a concern for the child. 3. Fears of mutilation may be present in the child. 4. The urination pattern will cause embarrassment for the child.
Which of the following changes in aging people tends to slow down the rate of drug absorption and the onset of drug action?
A. A decrease in the percentage of adipose tissue in the body B. An increase in intestinal motility C. A decrease in the amount of gastric acid secreted D. An increase in blood flow to the intestinal tract
The nurse is caring for several patients receiving oxygen by various delivery systems. Which assessment finding by the nurse indicates proper use of the oxygen device?
a. No mist is noted in a face tent. b. The reservoir of the rebreathing mask collapses on inhalation. c. The flow rate is between 1 and 6 L/min for a nasal cannula. d. The flow rate for an oxygen hood is set at 3 L/min.