Susan was a citizen of Texas born in the early part of the twentieth century. Explain what the advent of the radio meant for her. Using WWI as a timeline, discuss how radio regulation emerged
What will be an ideal response?
Answer:
A. Before WWI, radio was for a few hobbyists
1. Growth of radio saw need for regulations
2. regulations focused on limiting frequencies to keep military and emergency broadcasts clear
B. During the war all private broadcasts were terminated
1. University of Texas had a noncommercial station that broadcasted weather and crop reports
C. After WWI, commercial applications of radio understood
1. U.S. Department of Commerce issued licenses for broadcasters at assigned frequencies
2. military and government had own frequencies
D. Radio began to be seen as an important source of news and entertainment
1. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) formed by Congress to oversee radio
2. Dealy created WRR, first station in Texas
a. helped firemen and policemen communicate but also had jokes and music during downtime
3. first radio stations seen as more as a "public service" provided by the newspapers that started them
a. WFAA began reporting news, drama, music, sports
4. 1930s Golden Age of radio
a. radio listeners grew as newspapers declined
b. low cost
c. radio stations began to increase and specialize
d. popularity of radio during WWI provided news from the front and a distraction from the war
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In a double blind study, an experimenter cannot influence participants' behaviors differently across groups. As such, we should expect that there will be little
a. Hawthorne effect. b. external invalidity. c. placebo effect. d. experimenter bias.
Which Supreme Court case established the precedent that the government could not censor a publication in advance, even if that same publication later might be punishable by law?
a. New York Times Co. v. United States b. Near v. Minnesota c. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan d. Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart
___ Cities have the authority to take control of school districts, towns, and other local governments if it is necessary to provide efficient and effective public protection and services
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
The First Amendment says in part, "Congress shall make no law… abridging the freedom of speech…" Yet in the well-known case Schenck v. U.S
(1919) the Supreme Court decided unanimously that the Espionage Act did not violate the First Amendment free speech clause, and Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes developed his famous "clear and present danger" test ("the question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent"). This test suggests that there are cases in which Congress can abridge an individual's freedom to speech. How can you make sense of this decision in light of the language of the free speech clause? a. The Supreme Court was wrong in this case; the Espionage Act is on its face unconstitutional. b. The free speech clause, like many aspects of the Constitution, is vague and thus subject to multiple interpretations. c. The Espionage Act was constitutional but not for the reasons Holmes and the Court suggested in their 1919 decision. d. There is only one way to read the Constitution; in this case, the founders would have agreed that "no laws" means "no laws," so the act is unconstitutional. e. The free speech clause is unique in that unlike other aspects of the Constitution, it has been open to many different interpretations throughout U.S. history.