A eukaryotic gene is observed to make multiple forms of a protein. How can one eukaryotic gene produce multiple products in the same cell?
A) Alternative splicing sites can lead to the production of two different mature mRNAs from the same gene, resulting in slightly different proteins.
B) Epigenetic changes can change the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
C) Translation rates can affect the length of the polypeptide made from the same mRNA.
D) Silencer genetic elements can cause early termination of transcription, leading to the production of multiple mature mRNAs from the same gene.
E) One gene equals one protein, so this observation must be incorrect.
Answer: A
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It has been observed that when the sugar source changes in a growth medium, the growth rate of yeast vary widely in response. Some strains of yeast are slow to induce catabolic operons while other strains quickly synthesize proteins to process the new sugar. What might be one explanation for this difference in the growth rate of the strains?
A. Operons for anabolic pathways are controlled by many global regulatory mechanisms, and different sugars can favor initiation of different pathways depending on the strain of yeast. B. Different sugars can act as effector or repressor molecules in various strains, promoting or inhibiting transcription of genes depending on the type of sugar present. C. Catabolic repression strategies of operons for using different sugars may vary among strains, thereby favoring initiation of transcription in one strain over another depending on the sugar. D. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is not a way we can intentionally modify the genetic makeup of a cultivated species to protect it from herbivores?
A. crop breeding by manually making artificial crosses for desirable traits B. using bacteria to genetically introduce new genes to the plant C. importing new seed stock from other areas and crossing it with existing plants D. using viruses to insert novel defense genes into the plant E. spraying with chemical pesticides
What carries amino acids to ribosomes during translation?
a. mRNA b. tRNA c. DNA d. rRNA e. exons
Which blood test measures kidney function?
a. BUN b. CBC c. A1C d. PT e. TSH