In operant conditioning, individuals
a) are presented with crises or conflicts that they must resolve to move to the next stage.
b) pass through a series of universal stages.
c) learn to operate on their environments to bring about desired consequences.
d) experience an involuntary response.
c
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When a caregiver responds appropriately to an infant, and the caregiver and the child's emotional states match, it is called __________.
A. secure attachment B. ambivalent attachment C. face-to-face interaction D. interactional synchrony
Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory of moral development claims that
a. regression from a higher to a lower stage of moral reasoning is quite common. b. through an exploration of moral dilemmas, it is possible to teach someone to skip over the lower stages of moral development. c. the sequence of stages one goes through may vary from one culture to another. d. a person's stage of moral development is determined by the person's thoughts, rather than his or her actions.
In behavior modification, operant conditioning involves the manipulation of ____________ and respondent conditioning involves the manipulation of ____________
a. consequences; antecedent stimuli b. antecedent stimuli; consequences c. causes; effects d. effects; causes
The familial communication style called expressed emotion, sometimes used to predict relapse rates in patients with schizophrenia, includes all of the following EXCEPT a. overinvolvement
b. criticism. c. emotional distance. d. hostility.