Consider the sources of variation in traits among individuals of a species. Which of these can be controlled and which
cannot be controlled? What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Mutation is a chance event that cannot be controlled. Crossing over and independent
assortment are also beyond the control of individuals as they are random events that occur
with cells undergoing meiosis. Similarly, change in chromosome number or structure is pure
chance. The only element that can be controlled is fertilization which may reveal why sexual
selection is so strict in many species.
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Mutation rates:
A. are higher in organisms with larger genomes. B. are similar across all organisms. C. are highest in viruses. D. are lower in organisms with larger genomes. E. are highest in the bacteria.
Misfolded proteins are involved in four of the five following diseases. Select the exception
a. mad cow disease b. scrapie c. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease d. bovine spongiform encephalitis e. meningitis
Nondisjunction can occur at either the first or second division of meiosis. XXY individuals could arise from nondisjunction at the ________ meiotic division in the ________.
A) first; mother B) second; mother C) first; father D) second; father E) More than one of the choices could give rise to XXY individuals.
Mud flats are typically low in organic matter
Indicate whether the statement is true or false