An after-only nonequivalent control group design would be appropriate to study which of these research questions?
a. What is the effect of the cause of spousal death on widows' self-esteem?
b. What is the effect of preoperative teaching on vascular complications after orthopedic surgery?
c. What is the effect of a mentorship program on improvement of students' clinical performance in a baccalaureate nursing program?
d. What is the effect of a videotaped teaching method on knowledge of adolescent males about the warning signs of testicular cancer?
ANS: B
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A A qualitative approach would be appropriate to study the effect of the cause of spousal death on widows' self-esteem.
B After-only nonequivalent control group design is used when outcomes (e.g., vascular complications) cannot be measured before the intervention (e.g., preoperative teaching) and randomization is not used to assign subjects to groups. It makes the assumption that the two groups are equivalent and comparable before the introduction of the intervention.
C Because student performance can be measured before and after the intervention, an after-only approach would not be appropriate.
D Because knowledge of testicular cancer can be measured before and after the intervention, an after-only approach would not be appropriate.
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