A client's tumor was staged using the TNM system. The tumor was staged as T4,N1,Mx. The nurse realizes that this staging means:
1. tumor in situ, minimal node involvement, no presence of metastasis.
2. large tumor, no node involvement, presence of metastasis.
3. medium tumor, multiple nodes involvement, no presence of metastasis.
4. large tumor, single node involvement, unable to assess metastasis.
4
The larger the number in the TNM staging system, the increasing involvement or larger size of the tumor, node, and metastasis. T4 reflects the size of the tumor. N1 describes the regional node involvement. Mx signals the inability to assess the presence or absence of distant metastasis.
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The nurse is completing a home care visit of an older adult client who is dying of end-stage renal failure and dementia
The client has been taking narcotic medication for the treatment of chronic arthritic pain. During the visit, the family tells the nurse that the client seems more restless and is grimacing and crying. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? A) Teach the family alternative methods for pain relief instead of administering pain medication to this client. B) Tell the family that the client may be in pain and an adjustment to the pain medication or administration schedule is needed. C) Encourage the family to continue to administer the pain medication as needed. D) Realize the client is being uncooperative because of a personality disorder.
The nurse is preparing an educational in-service presentation about jaundice in the newborn. What content should the nurse include in this presentation? (Select all that apply.)
A. Physiologic jaundice occurs after 24 hours of age. B. Pathologic jaundice occurs after 24 hours of age. C. Phototherapy is required when bilirubin levels exceed 14 D. The need for phototherapy depends on the bilirubin level and age of the infant. E. Kernicterus causes irreversible neurological damage.
An older adult comes to the community health center for a checkup. During the visit, he or she mentions that he or she is somewhat constipated. Which of the following suggestions would be most appropriate?
A) Use a laxative about once or twice a week B) Increase your intake of fresh fruits and vegetables C) Drink about four 8-oz. glasses of fluid each day D) Walk around the block once a week
An elderly client wants to move into a congregate housing facility. What information
should the nurse provide regarding congregate housing? A) Personnel from the facility will check on each client daily B) Clients at this facility are supervised in all activities C) Clients spend only part of their day in this facility D) Only clients with disabilities can use this facility