How did religious missionaries act as agents of expansion in eighth- and ninth-century Europe?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Christian expansion
1. conquest was the main agent of change
2. monks tamed wilderness and attracted farmers in frontier regions
a. monastic exiles took memories of antiquity into Scotland and Ireland
1. Columba
b. Germany
1. Boniface traveled from England in 719 to share the gospel with his fellow Saxons
3. Asturias in northern Spain in the ninth century successfully defended Christendom's frontier against the Muslims at the opposite end of the Mediterranean
a. exploitation of the shrine attributed to the Apostle James the Great at Compostela gave Asturias advantages
b. pilgrim wealth, monastic colonization, and the chances of recruiting knightly manpower
4. Wilfrid the Hairy, Count of Barcelona
5. Alfred the Great (r. 871–899 ) was securing a similar reputation as a state builder by lavish generosity to monks
a. the extension or restoration of the frontier of Christendom was pushing Europe outward
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What happened after Vermont legalized same-sex civil unions?
A) Massachusetts passed a law that it would not recognize such unions. B) Within the next five years, six states passed similar laws. C) The Roman Catholic Church became a surprising ally to the cause. D) The tide of public opinion began to sway against same-sex marriage, with Millennials leading the way.
Which of the following civilizations was most fully part of the global trading netowrk in the 16th century?
A) Russia B) Ottoman Empire C) China D) Mughal Empire
Describe a few ways in which different cultures control women's sexuality.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which of the following is not an accurate statement about the Great Wall?
a. Its building was part of a larger Qin Dynasty public works effort. b. Its building was ordered by Qinshihuang Di. c. It successful in protecting the capital city from steppe nomads. d. It symbolically represented the authority of the Chinese empire.