For each of the descriptions of immune mechanisms in questions 1-4, select the immune mechanism (A-D) that correctly matches it. A. Type I interferons (IFN-?, IFN-?) B. CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocyte C. Antibody D. Natural killer cell
XA. Type I interferons (IFN-?, IFN-?)
B. CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocyte
C. Antibody
D. Natural killer cell
Innate immunity mechanism for eradicating established viral infection
ANS: D. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immunity effector cells that can kill infected cells by mechanisms similar to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, they are activated by different receptors than are CTLs, and they are inhibited by receptors that bind class I MHC on other cells. Viruses have the ability to evade detection by CTLs by inhibiting class I MHC expression on their host cell surfaces. When this occurs, NK cells may provide a backup defense mechanism, since they are activated by host cells that lack normal class I MHC expression.
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Following the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, the nurse knows the clinical manifestations occur as a result of a decreased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure. Therefore, the nurse should assess the client for: Select all that apply
A) Moist crackles in both lung fields B) Areas of diminished breath sounds due to pleural effusions C) Liver enlargement D) Kidneys palpable to deep palpation E) Increased circumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess
The total amount of energy the body expends in a given time and, hence, the number of calories it uses, either at rest or while active is called
A. resting metabolic rate. B. metabolic rate. C. energy balance. D. energy expenditure.
The process whereby nutrients are taken into the bloodstream is known as:
A) anabolism. B) catabolism. C) absorption. D) ascites.
The triceps bursa is the most frequently injured bursa in the elbow because it is superficial and is prone to acute or chronic injury.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)