Compare and contrast the two models (discrepancy and response to intervention) used to identify learning disorders in children. What are the pros and cons of each model in terms of understanding and treating learning disorders?
What will be an ideal response?
• Discrepancy model – different between an child's aptitude (usually IQ test) and achievement
o Pros – easy to measure
o Cons – lacks external validity because it doesn't identify what specific skill is missing; describes a learning disorder but doesn't help with intervention
• Response to intervention – focuses on how children respond to appropriate and high-quality interventions
o Pros – specifically identifies what academic skill and underlying cognitive processes is missing; is an integrated model that focuses on a child's response to appropriate instruction, low achievement, and individual differences
o Cons – assumes high-quality interventions have been attempted; difficult to quantify
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How did Piaget determine whether a child understands object permanence? a. He asked the child to describe objects from memory
b. He poured liquid from one container to another and asked which had "more.". c. He watched the child's eye movements when he moved a toy. d. He watched whether the child would reach for a toy behind a barrier.
In a between-subjects design, ____
a. only one score is obtained for each participant b. at least two scores are obtained for each participant c. one score is d. obtained for each treatment condition for each participant e. each score represents multiple participants
According to the text, what is the likely reason for the high rate of cesarean births in some parts of the world?
a. so that physicians can become wealthy b. to give surgeons practice c. to avoid a potential disaster during birth d. because vaginal deliveries are dangerous
You told your parents that your 8-year-old son really wants a particular video game for his birthday
When he opens their gift, you realize that they must have forgotten, because they gave him a new pair of sneakers instead. Based on what you know of emotional regulation in middle childhood, what is your son's likely response? a. He conceals his true feelings of disappointment because he does not want to hurt his grandparents' feelings. b. He begins to cry in disappointment, which makes your parents feel horrible. c. He reacts angrily and throws the gift down and runs to his room. d. He laughs and yells out, "You are kidding, right?"