Which of the following is not considered a direct observation?
A) An officer hears but does not see a gunshot
B) An officer hears a suspect confess a crime
C) An officer hears a victim give a statement
D) An officer hears a suspect make an incriminating statement
C) An officer hears a victim give a statement
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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Under our system of law, a person cannot be punished merely for an evil intention. 2. A person’s failure to act can never be the actus reus of a crime. 3. In certain instances, mere possession of an item can be classified as a crime. 4. In Robinson v. California (1962), the U.S. Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a California statute that made it an offense for a person “to be addicted to the use of narcotics.”
____________ officers have taken an oath and have powers to make arrests.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
In Graham v. O'Connor (1989), involving the arrest of a diabetic who was suffering from an insulin reaction, the Supreme Court held that claims of excessive force in the course of making an arrest are to be analyzed under:
a. a substantive due process standard. b. the Fourth Amendment's "objective reasonableness" standard. c. a "malicious and sadistic" standard. d. a subjective standard that focuses on the intentions of the officer making the arrest.
Nightsticks, flashlights, and whistles no longer serve as effective tools for communication
Indicate whether the statement is true or false