Answer the following questions true (T) or false (F)

1. Vaccination against diphtheria is a toxoid vaccine against inactivated toxin, therefore, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers of Corynebacterium diphtheriae may be high even as prevalence of the disease itself is low.

2. A positive tuberculin skin test definitively indicates the presence of an active tuberculosis infection.

3. Mycoses are becoming more common due to changes in the patient population, such as immunosuppression, as well as environmental and ecological changes.


1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE

Biology & Microbiology

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All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except ________.

A. capsule B. inclusions C. slime layer D. fimbriae E. gram-negative outer membrane

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If one pair of genes could cause some flowers to have red petals or yellow petals and could also determine the strength of the stem, this would be an example of 

A. polygenic inheritance. B. pleiotropy. C. recessiveness. D. hybrid.

Biology & Microbiology

Four of the five answers listed below release secretions that assist digestion. Select the exception

a. salivary gland b. esophagus c. pancreas d. gall bladder e. liver

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In order to establish a membrane potential, the

cytoplasmic fluid is ____ compared to the interstitial fluid

a. more positively charged b. more negatively charged c. hypertonic d. hypotonic e. none of these

Biology & Microbiology