______ is used as the basis for U.S. policies on punishment for criminal activity because it focuses on individual responsibility.
a. Evolutionary theories
b. Classical School
c. Metaphysical theories
d. Neoclassical perspective
b. Classical School
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The constitutional law against ______ laws is based on the familiar interest in providing individuals notice of criminal conduct and protecting individuals against “after the fact” statutes.
a. void for vagueness laws b. statutory clarity laws c. bill of attainder laws d. ex post facto laws
Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of _____________.
A. an increase of youthful males who are committing crimes B. overcrowding C. lax correctional supervision D. the selection process
_____ therapy addresses a variety of family, peer, and psychological problems by focusing on problem solving and communication skills training
a. Multisystemic b. Behavioral c. Socialization d. Substance abuse
In which of the following ways does Shari`a try to balance the harsh penalties required for hudud crimes?
a. The penalty can only be imposed by a jury of other Muslims b. The offender is anaesthetized before the penalty is applied c. Rigorous rules of evidence make conviction for hudud crimes difficult d. The penalty is only imposed on male offenders