State the reasons for the bright-line rule regarding warnings to suspects adopted in Miranda v. Arizona. Identify two circumstances that have to be present before officers are required to give the Miranda warnings. List three types of questioning when officers do not have to give the Miranda warnings
What will be an ideal response?
The bright-line rule of Miranda v. Arizona arose because the Court felt custodial
interrogation is "inherently coercive.". Why? First, because suspects are held in
strange surroundings where they are not free to leave or call for support from others.
Second, skilled police officers often use tricks, lies, and psychological pressure to
overpower the will of the suspects. Given these circumstances the Court felt that
strong measures were necessary to prevent involuntary confessions. These measures
resulted in the now well-known Miranda warnings.
Before police must give Miranda warnings to a suspect, two circumstances must be
present. First, the suspect must be in "custody.". Second, the suspect must be subject to
"interrogation.".
Police don't have to give Miranda warnings when they question people who are not in
custody. This includes questioning people at crime scenes, questioning people before
they become suspects, and questioning people who are in Fourth Amendment stops.
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