Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Thornberry’s model puts the level of attachment and commitment to conventional society ahead of the degree of moral beliefs that individuals hold regarding criminal offending.
2. Inadvertent exposure to toxins, such as lead, has shown an alarming causal connection to persistent criminality.
3. Universal preschool should be funded and provided for all young children. Studies have shown that this leads to better performance, both academically and socially, once they enter school.
4. Developmental theories suggest the earlier stages of life are likely the most important in determining whether an individual will engage or not engage in criminal activity throughout life.
5. The text states that there are very few policy implications that can be derived from developmental theories of criminality.


1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False

Criminal Justice

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Kant argues that we have a prima facie duty to ______.

a. help others b. keep promises c. repay past acts of kindness d. all of these

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______ describes a situation wherein an individual takes on responsibility for and a legal duty to a stranger in peril because he or she chose to assist.

a. Contractual duty b. Assumption of duty c. Creation of peril d. Statutory duty

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Which of Marquart’s (1986) forms of coercion was used for minor offenses?

a. counseling b. tune-up c. ass whippings d. both Counseling and Tune-up

Criminal Justice

With respect to delinquency, the critical components of gender relations in the patriarchal family include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. The birth order of boys and girls in the family. b. The way delinquency is defined. c. The amount and type of parental control. d. Gender preferences for risk-taking.

Criminal Justice