Nurse Cameron has been asked to mix an isotonic intravenous solution for an emergency room patient who has lost a lot of blood. The available solutes include glucose (m.w. 180), NaCl (m.w. 58.5), and urea (m.w. 60). How should she make up 10 L of IV solution with an osmolarity of 290 mOsm (isosmotic), making sure that it will also be isotonic?
What will be an ideal response?
Nurse Cameron should make her solution contain only nonpenetrating solutes, i.e., she should use NaCl but not
glucose or urea.
10 L (0.290 Osmoles/L) (1 mole NaCl/2 Osmoles) (58.5 g/1 mole NaCl) = 84.8 g NaCl.
She should add 84.8 g NaCl to about 9.5 L distilled water, mix until dissolved, adjust the pH if necessary to 7.4, then
add more water to a final volume of 10 L.
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