Three strategies to promote change in organizations were defined by Bennis, Benne, and Chin (1969). Which of the following is not one of these strategies?
a. rational-empirical approach c. power-coercive approach
b. driving-restraining forces approach d. normative-reeducative approach
B
Bennis, Benne, and Chin (1969) identified three strategic approaches to promoting change in organizations. These three approaches (strategies) are: 1) power-coercive approach where resistance is expected, but the acceptance of change is not seen as being important to the group, 2) normative-reeducative approach, when the individual has a strong need for satisfactory relationships in the workplace, and 3) rational-empirical approach, which utilizes knowledge to encourage change. Driving-restraining forces come from Lewin's (1951) research into forces that can motivate or block change efforts, but are not part of the Bennis, Benne, and Chin's change model.
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