Describe the prevalence of CVD and the development of coronary heart disease beginning with the process of atherosclerosis. What are the risk factors associated with CVD? What can you do to prevent the risk factors from occurring?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis is a buildup of plaque in the endothelium of the blood vessel wall. The areas affected include the heart (coronary heart disease, or CHD), the brain (cerebral vascular disease leading to stroke), and blood vessels in the legs (peripheral arterial disease, or PAD). Atherosclerotic lesions begin to form in childhood and adolescence and gradually develop through the decades. Lesions remain asymptomatic until the thickening wall reduces blood flow leading to ischemia, or a lesion ruptures and a blood clot forms resulting in a heart attack (myocardial infarction) or stroke.Risk factors include dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, lifestyle factors (diet, physical inactivity, and smoking), genetics, and emotional stress. Prevention includes following a cardio-protective diet that emphasizes plant foods, appropriate fats, fish, poultry, legumes, nuts, and low-fat dairy. Lifestyle changes including exercise and non-smoking behaviors should also be instituted.