Nicotine stimulates cholinergic receptors of the autonomic nervous system. Based on this information, how would cigarette smoking affect the cardiovascular system?
What will be an ideal response?
Since cholinergic receptors are found in all of the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system, you would expect nicotine to stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic responses in the cardiovascular target tissues. In response to increased sympathetic stimulation the heart would beat faster and more forcefully. At the same time, however, increased parasympathetic stimulation would decrease the blood flow to the heart muscle. The increased heart rate and force of contraction would contribute to increased blood pressure as would vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels as a result of sympathetic stimulation.
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The small intestine:
A. normally contains millions of bacteria that digest complex polysaccharides and produce vitamin K. B. secretes amylase, lipase, and various proteases from its epithelial cells. C. is the main site of gastrin secretion. D. absorbs a larger volume of fluid than any other region of the GI tract. E. undergoes only peristaltic contractions, both during the digestion of meals and between meals.
What type of chemical bond can form between an element with 11 protons and an element with 17 protons?
What will be an ideal response?
An area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the
A) optic disc. B) inner segment. C) fovea. D) outer segment. E) tapetum lucidum.
What type of respiratory drug inhibits cough production?
a. antihistamine b. antitussive c. decongestant d. expectorant