Which methods have been identified for preventing antimicrobial resistance? (Select all that apply.)
a. Administering influenza vaccine
b. Stopping antibiotic therapy as soon as possible when treating infection
c. Treating bacterial colonization in asymptomatic patients
d. Using narrow-spectrum antibiotics when possible
e. Using national data to determine antimicrobial drug selection
ANS: A, B, D
Vaccines help prevent disease and thus reduce the need to use antimicrobial drugs. Discontinuing antibiotic therapy as soon as possible, such as when an infection has been fully treated or when an infection is unlikely, helps reduce exposure of normal flora and other microbes to antimicrobials. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics target the pathogen and are less likely to act against other microbes. It is not correct to treat bacterial colonization when patients are asymptomatic. Local data give clearer information on local trends in susceptibility and resistance and thus are more likely to guide antimicrobial drug selection correctly.
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A child with corrosive esophagitis following ingestion of a corrosive liquid is treated with esophageal dilation. The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the parent. Which of the following statements indicates to the nurse that the parent needs more teaching?
A) "More dilations may be needed as my child grows." B) "No further dilations will be needed." C) "My child should be evaluated if he develops swallowing problems." D) "I need to childproof my house."
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a. Repression b. Denial c. Rationalization d. Intellectualization