Do you believe that upward mobility is possible for every American? Please discuss your answer.
What will be an ideal response?
Upward mobility is defined as “the movement from one social level to a higher level, such as from lower social class to middle social class” and the belief that it is attainable by every American; however, because of a number of systemic level barriers, upward mobility for a great number of lower-class and marginalized people is more of a myth than reality. Due to the emphasis on meritocracy, poor and marginalized people who cannot realize the American dream are usually blamed for not working hard enough and making poor decisions; while the unjust contextual factors that constitute impediments to moving up for some people in the society are not recognized. The bias generated by meritocracy also conjures the image of a good society, where all people have equal opportunities to work in safe, humane conditions with pay that can afford them decent standards of living; with relative worth of all types of jobs. But this is not the reality, particularly for the poor people and low-level jobs; hence, one can conclude that upward mobility is possible for some but not every American.
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When a leader leaves one topic and moves to another, it is best to use some degree of _______.
a. suggesting b. rephrasing c. interpreting d. summarizing e. questioning
Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of a nominal scale?
A) ?The intent of a nominal scale is to name an object. B) ?It is the most basic of the measurement scales. C) It is possible to determine the mean of nominally scaled variables.? D) ?It is only possible to calculate the percentage or frequency of items/individuals that fall within a certain category.
Translating and back-translating the items of a scale ensure the validity of the items or scale in another culture
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
In identifying desired outcomes, substance abuse professional must bear in mind that ______.
a. objectives are defined as broad statements regarding the outcomes while goals are more specific, limited, and measurable b. attainment of all of a program’s objectives is a clear indication that its general goals have been reached c. it is very important to distinguish between goals and objectives to ensure a judicious selection of program activities d. one must work toward reducing the frequency or quantity of substance used as it is a more feasible outcome than abstinence