The nurse is caring for a patient experiencing epistaxis. What action should the nurse take first?
a. Obtain the patient's vital signs.
b. Firmly pack the nostrils with gauze.
c. Apply a cold compress.
d. Instruct the patient to sit forward and pinch the nose below the bone.
D
When epistaxis occurs, the patient should sit forward and apply direct pressure by pinching the nose just below the bone, close to the face for 10 to 15 minutes. This position prevents blood from running down the back of the throat. Cold compresses or ice may be applied to the nose to constrict the blood vessels. If there is still bleeding at the end of a 10- to 15-minute period, the process should be repeated. If bleeding continues, the nurse should obtain the patient's vital signs and notify the provider. The provider may cauterize the bleeding vessels or solidly pack the nose.
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