Your client is suffering from recurrent breast cancer metastatic to multiple skeletal sites. She is experiencing breakthrough pain, which she rates as 9 on a 10-point scale. You treat her with rescue dosing, which means that you:
1. call her physician and request a prescription for a more effective analgesic.
2. give her a one-time extra dose of her analgesic.
3. change the schedule of her analgesic to be more effective.
4. give her as-needed doses of an immediate-release analgesic in response to the breakthrough pain in addition to the scheduled analgesic dosage.
ANS: 4
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The older adult asks the nurse what is meant by the term roleless role. The nurse explains that it refers to persons who perceive:
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