Compare and contrast the roles of the cerebellum versus the basal ganglia in movement.
What will be an ideal response?
Neither structure is involved in actually producing movement. Instead, they both help to modulate the activity of the cortical and brain stem motor systems. In this way, they both play an important role in posture and smooth movement. Whereas the two structures receive input from the motor cortex, the cerebellum also receives information from the vestibular system to maintain posture and balance, refine movements, and control eye movements that compensate for the movement of the head. Once processing has been refined, the cerebellum sends feedback to the primary motor cortex. The input received by the basal ganglia allows this area to engage in several aspects of movements, such as the integration of and smoothening of movements. It sends information not only to the primary motor cortex but also to the supplementary motor area and the premotor cortex via the thalamus.
While both areas are also involved in motor learning, the cerebellum is also involved in nonmotor learning such as making time and speed judgements about auditory and visual stimuli.
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a. ?epinephrine b. ?norepinephrine c. ?dopamine d. ?serotonin
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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a. ?“personal distress” b. ?“not typical” c. ?“violation of social norms” d. ?“level of impairment”
Every time Becky goes to the dentist, she arranges a
signal with the doctor that will let him know that she would like him to stop the procedure for a few moments. This signal a. will create a distraction for the doctor, helping him to minimize pain. b. is an application of the lock-and-key theory of pain. c. is an application of the counterirritation method for controlling pain. d. will allow Becky to regulate and control the painful stimulus, so she will suffer less.