Compare and contrast Crofton's ticket-of-leave and Maconochie's marks system
What will be an ideal response?
In 1837, Alexander Maconochie proposed to the House of Commons a system whereby the duration of the sentence would be determined not by time but by the prisoner's industry and good conduct. He proposed a marks system by which "marks" or credits would be credited daily to prisoners in accordance with their behavior and the amount of labor they performed. As prisoners demonstrated evidence of good behavior and a good work ethic, their freedom and privileges gradually increased. Marks were deducted for negative behavior. Maconochie's system allowed prisoners to move from strict imprisonment, to labor in work gangs, through conditional release around the island, and finally to complete restoration of liberty (Morris, 2002). It should be noted that the primary condition attached to the release was to not incur further law violations, and the behavior of the releasee was not supervised in the sense that it is today.
Sir Walter Crofton, who had studied Maconochie's innovations on Norfolk Island, became the administrator of the Irish prison system in 1854 . Crofton adopted the use of the marks system inside the prison. Under Crofton's administration, the Irish system became renowned for its three levels: strict imprisonment, indeterminate sentence, and ticket-of-leave. Each prisoner's classification was determined by the marks he or she had earned for good conduct and achievement in industry and education, a concept borrowed from Maconochie's experience on Norfolk Island. The ticket-of-leave system was different from the one in England. The general written conditions of the Irish ticket-of-leave were supplemented with instructions designed for closer supervision and control and thus resembled the conditions of parole in the United States today. Ticket-of-leave men and women residing in rural areas were under police supervision, but a civilian employee called the inspector of released prisoners supervised those living in Dublin. The inspector had the responsibility of securing employment for the ticket-of-leave person, visiting his or her residence, and verifying employment. The Irish system of ticket-of-leave had the confidence and support of the public and of convicted criminals.
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___________ maintain order and security in the court
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
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