Summarize what is known about the altered biochemistry in individuals with bipolar disorder.
What will be an ideal response?
Bipolar disorder is related to oxidative stress or an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's defenses against them. In particular, bipolar disorder causes oxidative damage to the DNA of brain cells, which in turn leads to apoptosis. Higher amounts of DNA damage is correlated with the number of lifetime manic episodes. Lithium salts, a major form of treatment for bipolar disorder, produce antioxidant effects in animal models of mania and are likely to produce relief from symptoms in humans through this same means. Lithium salts also promote adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Consistent with observations of increased oxidative stress, bipolar disorder features changes that are consistent with accelerated aging. Similar changes in inflammation, amyloid, and neurotrophin activity are observed in both patients with bipolar disorder and individuals with dementia. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience earlier onset and higher rates of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
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The ____________________ principle relates to the fact that the brain and spinal cord develop before the infant can control its arms and legs
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Your mother asks you to pick up a book at the library that explores the awareness of the outside world and one's own mental activity. If you want to pick up the correct book, you should make sure the book focuses on exploring all aspects of
A. consciousness. B. hypnosis. C. meditation. D. priming.
Our most powerful mental representations include __________ and __________
A) images; imitation B) imitation; concepts C) images; concepts D) habituation; imitation
____________ can be defined as to the addition of a stimulus that decreases a behavior.
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word