Explain the limitations of official crime data such as the traditional Summary Reporting System and National Incident-Based Reporting System.
What will be an ideal response?
Answer should include that both only include crimes that are reported to police. The data could be manipulated for political purposes by the law enforcement agencies who submit the data. Because both programs are voluntary, they are subject to a lack of reporting or incomplete reporting. National Incident-Based Reporting System in particular has limited coverage and is biased toward small agencies.
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Which of the following is true of gender differences in sentencing discrimination?
A. In the case of property crimes, incarcerated women tend to receive longer sentences than incarcerated men. B. In the case of violent crimes, female convicts receive longer sentences than male convicts. C. Female convicts are more likely to go to prison than male convicts. D. Incarcerated women tend to serve shorter sentences than incarcerated men.
Which of the following are important, but not necessary, to establishing a causal relationship?
a. Mechanism and time order b. Context and time order c. Mechanism and context d. Context and association
Mauer (2006) contends that since the no policy has impacted Black incarceration more than the War on Drugs.
a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s
What is the third degree?
A) When a suspect is hogtied and doused with pepper spray B) When a suspect is has force used upon him/her prior questioning C) When a suspect is subjected to a verbal or psychological abuse D) When a suspect is assailed with psychological pressure and physical force