A historian's explanation of the failure of the Reformation to take hold in Italy and Spain would be
a. the Catholic church effectively eliminated the Reformation in those countries.
b. God has clearly predestined the Italians and Spaniards to damnation.
c. the Catholic church was not as corrupt in those countries as it was north of the Alps.
d. the Reformation is associated with the growth of capitalism, and capitalism was very weak in Italy and Spain.
e. the culture of Protestantism only appealed to Germanic peoples.
a
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