Which of the following is an example of naturalistic observation?
a. a researcher formally measuring two variables to see if they are related
b. a researcher varying the levels of a drug to see if it affects a rat's behavior
c. a researcher reading the results of a scientific publication
d. a researcher watching two birds building a nest in a tree
e. a researcher investigating whether rats learn a maze quicker after being reinforced
Answer: d. a researcher watching two birds building a nest in a tree
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Lance has recently been hypnotized to manage his chronic back pain. The posthypnotic suggestion to think about his pain as less unpleasant results in:
A. decreased activity in the frontal lobe B. increased activity in the frontal lobe C. reduced sensations of pain D. increased perceptions of pain elsewhere in his body
If an experimenter wanted to construct a bar graph showing the group means of an experiment with a one factor between groups design, what would be graphed along the X-axis?
a. the groups c. the dependent variable b. frequency d. the level of significance
Retrieving a memory is most like:
a. replaying a videotape of an event. b. reading a short story that describes the characters in detail, but does not include the dialogue. c. hearing the soundtrack of a story without access to the visual and other sensory images. d. watching unconnected frames of a movie and figuring out what the rest of the scene was like.
Your fraternity brother knows that you are a psychology major and asks you to explain why he starts smoking again after quitting on several occasions. Describe in detail the classical conditioning components involved in smoking (the conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, and unconditioned response) and how spontaneous recovery can cause the reoccurrence of the smoking habit.
What will be an ideal response?