Describe the three categories of temperament first presented under infancy and provide an example of each.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Positive emotionality consists of pleasure and activity level. An example is a child who is consistently joyful across many situations.
2. Negative emotionality consists of predominant feelings of fear, frustration, or anger. An example is a child who becomes easily angry in encounters with other children and remains that way consistently across situations.
3. Effortful control involves inhibiting the most typical action in a situation in order to act in a less typical and more adaptive way. An example is a child who consistently ignores minor acts of aggression or insults given him by other children.
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Jason is buying a new iPhone this semester, as are most of his friends. According to Malle's work on attribution, what will Jason most likely think when he sees his friends buying an iPhone?
a. "Maybe I won't buy the iPhone.". b. "I want to be just like them!" c. "What a bunch of conformists!" d. "My friends have done their research.".
Which gland is best described as the "master gland"?
a. the pineal b. the pituitary c. the adrenals d. the thyroid e. the hypothalamus
Studies of early institutionalization and social deprivation have found that
a. Abuse or neglect that occurs before the age of 18 months causes no lasting physical or emotional harm. b. Many adoptees from orphanages show indiscriminate friendliness – behavior that is adaptive in institutional settings but creates parenting stress in adoptive family settings. c. Modifications to institutional settings, such as reducing the child-caregiver ratio, do little to diminish the harmful effects of group living in an orphanage. d. Most previously institutionalized children fail to develop normal attachment relationships in their adoptive families.
Potential causes of amnestic disorder include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. nicotine B. alcohol abuse C. head trauma D. a medical condition